History of the Apollo Program Essay -- space shuttle program apollo mi

We decide to go to the moon... I accept that this country ought to subscribe to accomplishing the objective, before this decade is out, of handling a man on the moon, and returning him, securely to the earth. No single space venture in this period will be progressively significant in the long-go investigation of room; and none will be so troublesome of costly to accomplish.(John F. Kennedy - Uncommon Joint Session of Congress, May 25th, 1961) With only a couple of words John F. Kennedy propelled perhaps the biggest undertaking that America has ever left upon. The location given to congress in May of 1961 put America in a race against Russia to see who could make it to the moon first. This was the beginning of the space program in America. From it came the Mercury Project with the objective to place the primary man into space. The Mercury venture propelled 26, rockets of which just six were kept an eye on flights. The Mercury program put the main American into space on February 20, 1962. John H. Glenn, Jr. was the primary American into space. He was the main man to circle the earth. A case that Yuri Gagarin, the main man in space (April 12, 1961),can't make. The Russians circled the earth in space yet not in circle. At the point when John Glenn took off in the Mercury-Atlas 6 rocket, named Friendship 7, he left a mark on the world. It was less then one year after the test of John F. Kennedy to put a man on the moon. The flight went on for just 04 hours, 55 minutes and 23 seconds. Still in that brief timeframe John Glenn circumvented earth multiple times, and turned into an American saint. The Mercury venture was done with the dispatch of the Mercury-Atlas 9 rocket, named Faith 7, propelled May 15,1963. Confidence 7 held just a single traveler, L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.. He went through 34 hours, 19 minutes, ... ...furthermore, at this moment last record. They additionally accumulated 234 pounds (110.4kg) of material structure the moon. There was additionally the presentation of the trans-Earth EVA that was finished by Ronald Evans it endured 01 hour, 06 minutes. With the sprinkle down of the Apollo XVII module our days on the moon finished. The last time that a man strolled on the moon I was not conceived. There has not been a trip to the moon for more than 30 years. I for one feel this is a genuine disaster. I have seen it composed that if the Apollo program had kept on accepting subsidizing as it had in the mid 70’s we would have a base on the moon. In the event that so we would have unmanned lunar Modules to carry supplies to the moon. These might be dreams however as somebody that has experienced childhood in the space age I feel that we could accomplish these fantasies on the off chance that we truly needed to. I trust that sometime in the not so distant future, before I am to old, we come back to the moon.

How to Calculate Backgammon Probabilities

Step by step instructions to Calculate Backgammon Probabilities Backgammon is a game that utilizes the utilization of two standard dice.â The bones utilized in this game are six-sided 3D shapes, and the essences of a bite the dust have one, two, three, four, five or six pips. During a turn in backgammon a player may move their checkers or drafts as indicated by the numbers appeared on the bones. The numbers rolled can be part between two checkers, or they can be totaled and utilized for a solitary checker. For instance, when a 4 and a 5 are rolled, a player has two choices: he may move one checker four spaces and another five spaces, or one checker can be moved an aggregate of nine spaces. To plan procedures in backgammon it is useful to know some essential probabilities. Since a player can utilize a couple of bones to move a specific checker, any computation of probabilities will remember this. For our backgammon probabilities, we will respond to the inquiry, â€Å"When we move two shakers, what is the likelihood of rolling the number n as either a total of two bones, or on in any event one of the two dice?† Computation of the Probabilities For a solitary bite the dust that isn't stacked, each side is similarly prone to land face up. A solitary pass on structures a uniform example space. There are an aggregate of six results, comparing to every one of the whole numbers from 1 to 6. In this way each number has a likelihood of 1/6 of happening. At the point when we move two bones, each kick the bucket is free of the other. In the event that we maintain track of the control of what number happens on every one of the shakers, at that point there are an aggregate of 6 x 6 36 similarly likely results. In this manner 36 is the denominator for the entirety of our probabilities and a specific result of two bones has a likelihood of 1/36. Moving At Least One of a Number The likelihood of moving two shakers and getting in any event one of a number from 1 to 6 is direct to figure. In the event that we wish to decide the likelihood of moving at any rate one 2 with two shakers, we have to know what number of the 36 potential results incorporate in any event one 2. The methods of doing this are: (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) Consequently there are 11 different ways to move at any rate one 2 with two shakers, and the likelihood of moving in any event one 2 with two bones is 11/36. There is nothing extraordinary around 2 in the previous conversation. For some random number n from 1 to 6: There are five different ways to roll precisely one of that number on the first die.There are five different ways to roll precisely one of that number on the second die.There is one approach to roll that number on both shakers. In this way there are 11 different ways to move at any rate one n from 1 to 6 utilizing two bones. The likelihood of this happening is 11/36. Rolling a Particular Sum Any number from two to 12 can be gotten as the total of two shakers. The probabilities for two bones are marginally progressively hard to compute. Since there are various approaches to arrive at these aggregates, they don't shape a uniform example space. For example, there are three different ways to roll a total of four: (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), yet just two different ways to roll a total of 11: (5, 6), (6, 5). The likelihood of rolling a whole of a specific number is as per the following: The likelihood of rolling a whole of two is 1/36.The likelihood of rolling an aggregate of three is 2/36.The likelihood of rolling an entirety of four is 3/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of five is 4/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of six is 5/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of seven is 6/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of eight is 5/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of nine is 4/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of ten is 3/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of eleven is 2/36.The likelihood of rolling a total of twelve is 1/36. Backgammon Probabilities Finally we have all that we have to ascertain probabilities for backgammon. Moving in any event one of a number is fundamentally unrelated from moving this number as an aggregate of two shakers. Consequently we can utilize the option rule to include the probabilities together for getting any number from 2 to 6. For instance, the likelihood of moving in any event one 6 out of two bones is 11/36. Rolling a 6 as a total of two bones is 5/36. The likelihood of moving in any event one 6 or rolling a six as a total of two bones is 11/36 5/36 16/36. Different probabilities can be determined likewise.

Meltdown

Meltdown This next week and a half promises to be electrifying. We’re on the brink of an epic hurricane, a Presidential election, and either the most disappointing or the spookiest Halloween ever. But right now I’m going to talk about me, about MIT, and about why I haven’t talked to you in a month. Toward the end of September I became noticeably stressed out. I stopped talking to people, I stopped cleaning my room, and I got very lonely. It culminated in an hour-long cry session after a benign meeting with my biology professor about a class presentation. “Cory,” I said to my boyfriend, “nobody loves me.” “Nonsense,” he replied, “I love you.” “I want to go home,” I said. “My mommy loves me.” Then I watched an episode of America’s Next Top Model and felt better. America’s Next Top Model makes everything better. “Have I always been this crazy?” I asked Cory. “Well,” he said, “you’ve always been a little crazy. It’s only recently that you’ve become comprehensively insane.” That afternoon I went to S^3. “I think I’ve gone insane,” I said. I have a fantastic dean at S^3. Last year, I also came in feeling overwhelmed. We spent the half hour appointment talking about personal genomics and when I left I felt perfectly fine. This time, it took about three minutes for him to identify a medication I’ve been on that sometimes causes emotional instability. Two days later I had a procedure at MIT Medical to replace the medication. It was the most physically painful experience I’ve had. It stretched to four hours and left me nonfunctional for the next three days, and then it was over. The next week was my primary hell week of the term. It was doubled by the work I had to make up from the previous week and I did not do much other than study. There were lots of naps and not enough sleep, and there was a lot of frozen food. I stopped talking to people again. I stopped cleaning my room. I missed my dorm’s annual apple picking event. I got very lonely and I started to wonder if I’ll ever retain enough information about the world to contribute to our understanding of it. After my final all-nighter I woke up to someone waddling down the alley below my window and swearing angrily. I went to lab, had a conversation with my supervisor about grad school and grades and my future in the lab, and stumbled home crying in the theatrically-placed light rain. When I got home, I broke. I turned into a spiky blob of yelling and crying, completely freaked out my poor boyfriend, drank some cold water, and fell asleep. Friday evening I went to visit my high school friend Eric at Tufts. My dad tells me that when he and my mom were at PhysTech, the Russian counterpart to MIT, he went out to Moscow on weekends just to see other faces. There’s something about seeing the same people every day, and all of us with similar problems, and seeing your particular misery reflected back at you everywhere you look. Visiting Tufts was like inhaling after holding my breath. The people I met were beautiful. They were relaxed, they were happy, and they didn’t have bags under their eyes. There was a spark, an extra degree of freedom, a young, harmonious vitality. The people around me were spending Friday experimental baking or jazz dancing until the AM hours. I didn’t see anyone studying. They were just having fun, and they were doing it guilt-free and not under the guise of putting off homework. There was something exciting and completely unpredictable about the situation: we might bake! we might dance! we might run out into the cold without our coats! It felt good to talk with someone completely new, and it felt good to be the nerdy one again. We walked through vast lawns, past trees and scattered red brick houses with white columns. The buildings looked warm and inviting and none of them looked weird. For once, I didn’t want weird. The cold wind bit through my sweater, and the sting felt tangible in a way I hadn’t felt in a while. “Why don’t you transfer out?” Eric asked. “Why would I do that?” We stopped on top of the library to look at the Boston skyline in the distance. The roof was lined with trees and a path of white arches, which looked like they should have grape vines or roses. It was quiet, except for the occasional airplane. I wondered if I could pick out the Green Building in the distance. “I think I understand you,” Eric said, “I understand your priorities.” “And what are my priorities?” “You’re willing to maintain your mental health to the extent that it helps you be a good biologist. You’re willing to stay happy to the extent that it helps you be a good biologist.” When I got home that night, Cory and I sat down on his bed and talked about how miserable we both were. Something needed to change. Anything. We decided to break up. Half an hour later he came up to my room to collect his Lord of the Rings Legos. “You forgot your spider,” I said, gesturing toward Shelob, who was hanging by his string from my bedframe. He unhooked the spider and folded its legs in, one my one, slowly. “I’m making it more compact,” he said. He wound the string up. “The extra pieces are in the top shelf on my desk,” I said. I sat down at my desk, pulled the shelf out, and handed it to him. I picked his sweatpants up from on top of my dresser and handed those to him too. He wrapped his Legos in his pants, folded them carefully, and got up by my chair. He looked around the room slowly, avoiding my eyes, and stepped closer to the door. We stared at each other without making eye contact for a few minutes. “I don’t think I want to do this,” he finally said. “Me neither,” I responded. And we didn’t. (Cory agreed to let me post this on the condition that the money I get for this blog post goes toward Legos. “This building is 16+. Are you sure we can handle it?” “Yes. Were only emotionally immature. Luckily we don’t build Legos with our feelings.”) The next morning I went to Artist and Craftsman in Central Square and bought a new pencil sharpener, masking fluid, three erasers, mixed media paper, and three small brushes. I stopped by Shaw’s and bought apples, sharpened all my colored pencils, and spent the rest of the day coloring. There was no swooping deus ex machina: not the operation, not Tufts, not the pencils, not the apples, not Legos, not boyfriends or the lack thereof. I hit the average on my exams, my supervisor ingenuously dreamt up my original life plan and presented it to me last week, and I’m still behind on work. I’m trying to take it day by day, problem by problem, line by line. I’m calling my family more often, watching TV every now and then, and trying not to say no to opportunities to go outside. I’m trying to get nine hours of sleep a night, even if there’s work to do. I don’t think many people understand what we mean when we say that MIT is hard. It’s not just the workload. There’s this feeling that no matter how hard you work, you can always be better, and as long as you can be better, you’re not good enough. You’re a slacker, you’re stupid, and MIT keeps an overflowing warehouse of proof in the second basement of building 36. There’s stress and there’s shame and there’s insecurity. Sometimes there’s hope. Sometimes there’s happiness. Sometimes there’s overwhelming loneliness. There’s something to giving everything and always falling short. Eventually we’ll walk out with a deep understanding of our fields, a fantastic tolerance for failure and late nights, and raised expectations for ourselves and for humankind. Someday, we’ll look back on these four years as the best years of our lives and the foundations of the kinds of friendships that can only be formed with some suffering. But right now, IHTFP. Sometimes it feels like MIT drags your self-esteem over a jagged, gravely rockface and stretches your happiness, your mental health, and the passion and energy that brought you here like an old rubber band. I love this place. I love the amazing people I’ve met, I love watching myself grow as a scientist and a writer, and I love being engulfed in the heart of scientific progress and passion and feeling like I belong. At the same time I’m miserable, sometimes. IHTFP is the middle of the semester, when the lounges off the Infinite Corridor fill up with sleeping people, when I don’t leave the dorm except to go to class or to lab, when I can’t go apple picking because I’m hosed, and when the faces around me reflect my own anxiety. IHTFP is studying my butt off to hit the average, crying about my grades, and then helping a freshman with his homework and realizing how much better I’ve become at patiently disentangling a challenge. MIT is paradise. I cry sometimes. I love it here. My only consolation is that the salt in my tears will squelch any unsuspecting plants they land on. It’s beautiful. Thats right, unsuspecting Killian Court grass, wither. I wouldn’t want to be anywhere else.

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley - 1093 Words

Ever since man evolved, technology has been improving. There has also been the debate of whether these improvements are necessary, harmful, or important. Some can argue that these advancements can be harmful, and that technology is moving faster than man can contend with. That argument is the premises, moral, and plot base for Mary Shelleys tale Frankenstein. On the other hand, J. Michael Bishops, essay Enemies of Promise   on the other hand promotes and boast sciences achievements. However, Mary Shelley presents her point of view subtly yet very dramatically, which is much more effective than that of J. Michael Bishop. The dramatic story Shelley creates becomes a part of the reader, therefore holding the readers attention. Shelleys essay is less concrete therefore wont bore the reader. Shelleys essay is also more effective, because she shows the effect of science and technology and how it can be harmful, rather than just presenting the idea that it may be harmful and just letting the readers ponder at that. Shelley guides the reader through the error and harm that the monster and Victor Frankenstein have created. In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein   the advancements of technology and its negative affect on humanity is the key role in the progression in the story. In Frankenstein   Victor Frankenstein uses advancements in technology to create animation, which at the beginning seems like it can only be helpful. In the end however, Frankenstein realizes what a mistake heShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbook of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that is a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley creates FrankensteinRead MoreMary Shelley Frankenstein859 Words à ‚  |  4 Pages Mary Shelley The Creature in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† needs a companionship as every ordinary human. Every man needs a woman, who will able to share moments of happiness and sadness, a woman who will be able to share thoughts and of course a woman who will be able to love a man. In this case the Creature needs a bride. But the problem is that the Creature from the â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† is not a human. SoRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1138 Words   |  5 PagesIs Frankenstein a man, whose ambition led to a disaster; or a monster, which created a life with disregard for the human race? Frankenstein, in my opinion, was the monster not the life that he had created. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Clerval with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people. TheRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1325 Words   |  6 PagesI have been informed that you are pushing to remove the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley from the school curriculum. I’ve decided to write to you and explain why I believe that you are misinformed, and in fact, why this is a huge importance to the students of today. Frankenstein is a classic which recounts the life and horrors of Victor Frankenstein, as told through a series of letters and narrations. His obsession with the natural world and science brings him to a state of mind which ultimatelyRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1580 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a sci-fi novel written during the Romantic Movement in Britain’s early nineteenth century. The movement was stimulated by the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and in reaction against the emphasis on reason in eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy (The Romantic Movement, 2014 ). Mary Shelley’s husband, Percy Shelley was also a romantic poet during the movement. Shelley’s novel is evidently influenced by her relationship with her husband, which is illustratedRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley739 Words   |  3 Pagesinterconnections of humanity, nature, and divinity (â€Å"Romanticism 1†). English Romanticism being trendy in Europe, people would vent their outlooks onto their personal fiction works such as Mary Shelley. Shelley uses vivid creativity and romantic elements to create one of her admired novels, Frankenstein. In Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, most of the characters prove their compassion for mankind, prove their rejection of technology and science, and prove their involvement in a romantic quest. These several characteristicsRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1040 Words   |  5 Pages In 1818, a book titled Frankenstein was published anonymously, mysteriously dedicated to William Godwin, a prominent journal ist and political philosopher of his time. The immediate reviews of the novel were mixed, most edging towards critical, although no one knew who the book was written by. However, while Frankenstein failed to gain popularity immediately, no one had any idea the lasting impact this novel would have on the world. Despite the lukewarm reception at its debut, it soon proved to beRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreFrankenstein, By Mary She lley1532 Words   |  7 PagesLike any author, especially one who created a new genre, there will be criticism, and Shelley is no exception. Shelley received criticism surrounding Frankenstein not only because she was a female writer, but because of her writing style. Originally, Frankenstein was published anonymously and was thought that her husband, Percy Shelley, wrote it (â€Å"Mary Shelley Biography† 2016). Shelley may have published Frankenstein anonymously because â€Å"’women understood that they got a â€Å"better hearing† if it was thoughtRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto have multiple narrators telling a story? In Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, Frankenstein, three main narrators tell the story about the creation of a monster and the events that follow. The job of narrator shifts between Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster that Victor creates. As each narrator shares his own recollection of the ev ents that occurred, new facts are introduced to put the pieces of the puzzle together. Although Frankenstein uses multiple narrators to tell the story, it

Substance Drug Use And Alcohol Understanding Their...

Informed Consent Form Alcohol, Drugs and Sex: Understanding their Intersectionality among Men who have Sex with Men What is a research study? A research study is when scientists try to answer a question about something that we don’t know enough about. Participating may not help you or others. People volunteer to be in a research study. The decision about whether or not to take part is totally up to you. This consent form gives you information about the study. It tells you about the purposes, risks, and benefits of this research study. You can also agree to take part now and later change your mind. Whatever you decide is okay. It will not affect you in any way. For questions about this survey please call the survey hotline at the†¦show more content†¦Who is doing the study: The principal investigator, Brooke Wyatt, is in charge of this study and can be reached at the number above. We hope to reach approximately 1,000 people across the NYC region. What will be done: You will complete a survey, which will take 30-40 minutes to complete. The survey includes questions about your sexual and substance use history. Other survey questions will address your perceptions of your sexuality, the quantity and quality of your relationships, the availability of these opportunities and your perceptions of sex and substance use in general. We also will ask for some demographic information (e.g., age, race, ethnicity, income, occupation, education and sexual identity) so that we can accurately describe the general traits of those who participate in the study. Your participation in this research study is expected to last until you receive your compensation for the study. Risks or discomforts: Possible risk associated with the study procedures are listed below. There may also be risks that are not known. If you feel uncomfortable with a question, you can skip that question or withdraw from the study altogether. If you decide to quit at any time before you have finished the questionnaire, your answers will NOT be recorded. Confidentiality There always exists the potential for loss of private information; however, there are procedures in place to

Women(KAFA) Free Essays

In the Ad they are showing the effects of verbal abuse on women. They are trying to do something about it and raise awareness to all form of abuse, which is not always physical. They are showing a place where women can go to, someone who would help and do something about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Women(KAFA) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the women don’t talk about being abused because they are afraid of the disgrace. The women are being abused because of the Idea that men have that once they are married to them they became their property; they get to do whatever they want to do to them. KAFA are trying to enlighten the people and let them getting a little bit wiser about women’s rights and they are now going to help abused women. All what women have to do Is to call them and tell what she is suffering from. The tone they are using here serious, because this situation is becoming all over the place and no one seems to bat an eye about, shocking; because this abuse will live for many years with the woman and hunt her down and spoils every moment of happiness that she ever dreamt of having and that could to lead hem to commit suicide. With KAFA they don’t have to suffer in silence they will give them help. KAFA Is looking for a better society where all Its citizens live free of violence and where they have equality. In general KAFA started to make these Ads to spot the light on certain behaviors in our culture. They are trying to get us on track to recognize women’s rights. One factor Is that women are considered some kind of slave for the men desires. Another factor is that the women role is shortened as an indoor role only. However, woman is an ffective fgure in society she could do any thing as better as men. The biggest factor that led to this campaign Is the Arab Spring; after what happened In the region has opened the eyes wide open to see that we are In the phase of changing. Therefore; women became part of the Arab Spring and now they have central role in that transition. In KSA women now have the right tovote In Saudi parliament that only means one thing, which is we are at the doorstep of new era of a democratic world. All of these factors helped to create this organization to increase awareness of Women’s rights. The main thing KAFA Is trying to advocacy and builds awareness of women’s status and issues in our region, for a better tomorrow with equality. This organization is all about having a better society with no violence and women slavery. This civil society organization Is looking to mitigate the causes and results of violence and exploitation of women through advocacy and lobbying. The message for women in this Ad is you dont have to suffer from verbal abuse or any other kind; we are here to get you out of the gutter. Dont stay In the shade come to the bright side. I nls AO was a consequence 0T wnat Is nappenlng lately In tne region, wnlcn Is tne Arab Spring. All of the Arab countries that suffered from dictatorship are now up against their regimes. It is started from Tunisia all the way to Yemen. The people are claiming their rights, democracy and fair elections etc. Several countries from the region are undergoing fundamental transitions, including holding elections, making new Constitutions, new laws and establishing mechanisms for transitional Justice. The outcome and the results of these processes are critical and very sensitive for the rights of women and their status in the new era of democracy. The Arab uprising has empowering women to claim a wider and larger presence and role in the public, and that is a revolutionary thing, and that is a good thing to exclude the decades of gender stereotyping. The position of the women has been difficult. In 2002 the first Arab Human Development Report cited the lack of women’s rights is caused of, lack of political freedoms and poor education, that hampered the region’s progress. Nowadays, Women and men are seeking human rights, Justice and equality after decades of dictatorship. That thing yielded of making companies who afraid of excluding women from the revolution because the revolution impact on women still unclear. Most of the people in the revolution are hoping this revolution will boosts women’s rights, but the outcome still didn’t match up their expectations. Some Islamic-extremes parties that have been raised to the authorities are considered as a threat to women’s rights. In these rough days women is playing a very important role n the revolution. In Libya women smuggled medicine, weapon all of that Just to help the rebels and prove that they are helpful and could be an important part in their revolution. Even now while the situation still raging some people start a revolution inside of revolution all that Just to keep women’s rights within the aims of the main revolution. KAFA made these Ads to spot the light on women abusing. It is not same any more the abusing is not physical it took another shapes nowadays; it became verbal, insulting women with hurtful words. Therefore; they are trying show what they are fighting for and it’s a thing people should be up against the same as the dictatorship regime. A lot of doubt that the women case will remain the same as it was before because men are looking for their own sake. Consequently; organizations all around the region including KAFA are making people aware to not forget women in our revolution and that we are standing for the same case and it is a chance to write a new chapter in our history of freedom and equality with no sexism and gender stereotyping. Eventually stop women abusing. How to cite Women(KAFA), Papers

Analysis of Jarred Diamonds Collapse free essay sample

With Jarred Diamonds book â€Å"Collapse† in focus for this report, written for the course â€Å"Intercultural Competence and Cross-Cultural Research†, his theories on why civilizations perish are discussed and compared to other facts that contradict stated in the book. Hypothesis Is the Diamond theory always proven in different cases of perished societies and can it be applied on future outcomes? Method The focus of our sources has been from the book, Collapse, by the author Jared Diamond. Other sources have been from the internet to find different point of views than those of Diamond.Emma Hamilton has covered the first part, Past, Attila Bodor has written about Chinas present and future and Maria Shishmanova has written about the neighboring countries Haiti and the Dominican Republic. All three have written the final summary and conclusion. Background The Diamond Hypothesis Jared Diamond was born in 1937 and is an American scientist and author. He has a history in ecology, ornithology, pysology, biophysics, geography and his popular science books are known to be a mix of these sources he has studied. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Jarred Diamonds Collapse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diamond wrote the book â€Å"Collapse- How societies choose to fail or succeed† in 2005 and is in the book focusing more on the ecological facts on why societies have fallen instead of the more typical historical and cultural reasons to explain failure. (Wikipedia, 2010) By the word collapse, Diamond means a drastic decrease in population size or drastic changes in the complexity of the society politics or economic situation or social structure. This is also defined to be over a larger area and during an extended period of time.This is to be differed from minor power shifts such a small rises or falls, usually connected to a neighbors linked and opposite fall or rise, and smaller reformations of for example the social or political structure. (Diamond, 2005) The Diamond Hypothesis works with a five point framework, buy explaining 5 different reasons why society falls: 1. Environmental damage explained by fragility, how vulnerability the area is to damage and of resilience, t he potential for the area to recover from damage. These are both considered, by both human impact or by natural occurrence. . Climate change, only dealing with natural changes, which could make it either better or worse for the society. 3. Hostile neighbors, how well the society could can hold off enemies, when the community was weakened, either by health or society changes, it could be hard to fight off enemies 4. Friendly trade partners, neighbors who supported each other and less support from friendly neighbors could lead to a dramatic change and disaster. 5. The society’s response to the four explained threats, both environmental and other problems.A society’s response depends on its political, economic and social institutions and on its cultural values. But response to what was going on is very important for survival of the civilization. Diamond focuses strongly on the fifth theory, stating that a civilization â€Å"chooses† to survive or perish by dealing with the situation they are in. (Diamond, 2005) Results Past The Mayan Society The Mayan remains are popular tourist attractions and attractive archeology sites, not just because of their mystery and beauty but also because these findings are pure archeological sites, left intact with no other city built on top of the remains.The Mayan civilization was located in Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula and Central America. (Diamond, 2005) The area has two different seasons, with a seasonal rainforest and a seasonal dry period, sometimes more similar to a seasonal desert. The rain season lasts from May until October but the rainfall, as today, varied a lot over years. The southern part of the peninsula got more rain and this was one of the reasons why it was more productive agriculturally and supported a larger population. The farmers faced crop failure from many natural disasters, such as drought and hurricanes.Even today the farmers have many agricultural problems in the area and the Mayans are considered to be more skilled. Even though the south gets more rainfall there is water issues there as well. The lens of freshwater lies under the peninsula and surface elevation is higher in the north which means that the land surface is higher in the south, to high above the water table. In the north, the water was supplied by digged water wells or which could be up to 75feet deep. In the south, the water was too hard to reach because of the surface elevation.The civilizations build are although not found next to rivers, but on promontories in rolling uplands. They digged and plugged up leaks by plastering the foundation and in that way collected rain to spare for dry season. For example, the city of Tinkal, had a water reserve that would last for 18 months supplying 10  000 people. In Coba, they built dikes round a lake to raise the water level. These reserves could supply the inhabitants with water but could not help the fact that grains needed rain water that was more than the reservoirs could offer. Diamond, 2005) Corn was 70% of and the basis of the Mayan diet, other domestic animals was dog, turkey and Muscovy duck. Other meat sources were wild meat and fish. There was low meat available and t was really only luxury food for the elite. The agriculture technique was long thought to be a slash and burn technique, but later scientists have realized that the Mayans must have used something else because the production was larger than what slash and burn methods could supply. Methods they were using was for example terracing hill slopes to maintain moist soil, arranging water channels and draining or raising fields.As is many societies the Mayan agriculture system could be split in two, those who produce and those who don’t but the Mayan only produced twice their own families’ needs. Food sources where limited as corn has little protein and there was a limitation of other crops. Not being able to store, because of the humid climate was also a problem; corn could only be kept for 1 year. All work done in the Mayan society was done by human power, because there was no animal big or strong enough to do the job. This did not only affect the agriculture sector, but also the military campaigns and transport sector.For example, to transport food, the person walking would eat more than he could transport. This is also believed to be one of the reasons the Mayans where not unified to a greater community but stayed in smaller kingdoms. (Diamond, 2005) The archeological sites were rediscovered in 1839 by John Stephens and Frederick Catherwood, who had heard rumors of ruins hidden in the area. They ended up finding 44 different locations of Mayan ruin towns. One thing surprising them was that the remains they found were from a high civilization and not just primitive leavings that they expected to find. Diamond, 2005) Typical for the Mesoamerica region the Mayans had a Native American culture and a very well developed society. Pottery was important and the Mayans are also famous for their writings. But all preserved ancient writings are about kings and nobles, nothing about the commoners. The scripts were written on bark paper coated in plaster. The Mayans hade many writings but there is only 4 surviving manuscripts, one of them being the well-known Long Count Calendar, since the Spanish Bishop Diego de Landa ordered all of them to be burned to eliminate paganism.

Business Strategy and Whitbread Essay Example

Business Strategy and Whitbread Paper Bibliography There are no sources in the current document. Carol Pickering Assignment 1 Business strategy EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Whitbread PLC founded in 1742 by Samuel Whitbread the first mass production brewing plant in Georgian London. Whitbread had always been known for brewing and running pubs. A complete change in direction in 2001 saw the selling off of both the brewing and the pubs and a new era of hotels restaurants and coffee shops began. 2011 see the core estate of premier inns several restaurant chains and costa coffee. These are not confined to the UK but Whitbread now sees business as global. Their vision is to build the best large scale hospitality brands in the world but still incorporating the values the Sam had in the 18th century. Whitbread have core values that are simple yet strong and three words, Genuine, Confident and Committed. These can be seen as to what the company aspires to and how they wish the business to conduct itself. As a global corporate business Whitbread can be seen to be creating value for money and creating a complete customer experience focusing on areas of the industry that are expanding value for money hotels and family restaurants as well as ever popular coffee shops. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategy and Whitbread specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategy and Whitbread specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategy and Whitbread specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the financial report for 2010/11 there were as can be expected no financial objectives there were however several covering corporate responsibility from green issues such as energy saving to ethical objectives such as funding of schools for children in coffee growing regions. Also improving customer experiences stronger offers and expanding the business around the globe The vision strategy and core values for Whitbread are to the point focused and easily understood. The mission statement however is a little weak in that it does not contain and the necessary elements of a good mission statement. It focuses on its brand market and its philosophy with no mentions of employees or its corporate responsibility which both hold strong focus in the annual report for 2010/11 Financially Whitbread has gone from strength to strength. Expanding the business across the globe opening hotels and coffee shops in foreign shores has led to increase in like for like sales and profits. Turnover in 2010/11 was up 11. 5%. Revenue in hotels and restaurants up 10. 6%. Growth in costa coffee saw a massive increase of 24. 7% and Costa saw an increase of 38. 4% in its operating profit for the financial year. Operating profit grew from 3188m in 99/00 to ? 250m the year after the radical change in direction to ? 308. 8m in 10/11. Taking such a step in redirection was a gamble some would say. Having a solid strategy strong core values and a clear aim has lead Whitbread from strength to strength not nationally as was but globally as is. CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. page 1 History of Whitbread†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦page 1 Whitbread Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. page 2 Mission Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. page 2 Vision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 3 Core Values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. age 4 Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. page 5 Financial Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. page 5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. page 6 1. INTRODUCTION Whitbread PLC is a major player within the hospitality and leisure sector in the U. K. As a company in 2001 the company took a different direction altogether. The aim was then to concentrate on the growing markets in hotels and restaurants. This report aims to look at the business strategy of Whitbread through the annual report 20010/2011 looking key trends and ratios as well as the company’s mission statements visions and objectives. HISTORY OF WHITBREAD Samuel Whitbread was born in 1720 his brewing apprenticeship was 1736 and he opened his first brewery in 1742. In 1750 he constructed the first purpose built mass production brewery in the UK this was Chiswell Street in Georgian London. Modern Whitbread in its current form started in 2001 when the brewing division was sold off and the company left the traditional bar and pub sector for good. Reincarnating itself into a hotel and restaurant company it still holds the values the Sam Whitbread in the founding days. That is to genuinely focus on the customer and to strive to be the best and to recognise that progress comes from innovative thinking. In the annual report from 2000/01 which was the last that covered the original estate the consisted of 5915 units outside the brewing division ranging from pubs managed and leased to hotels and off-licences with a turnover of ? 2951. 4mil and a GP of ? 759. 4mil. In the last annual report 2010/11 the portfolio contains 44295 rooms 379 restaurants and 1217 UK coffee shops and 654 internationally. The 2. turnover for this period was ? 599. 6mil however the GP was 1362. 5mil. (www. whitbread. co. uk) WHITBREAD STRATEGY Using PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological Environmental and Legal) an organisation can influence its strategy and alter it as the factors change. Politics covers changes in government; economics are influenced by exchange rates and world growth. Social covers demographics and technological covers innovations such as the inte rnet. Environmental covers green issues and legal covering legislation such as health and safety (Johnson. G, Scholes. K, Whittington. R 2008). Whitbread’s strategy is focused on creating value for money and the customer experience creating a link to a set of objectives and an incentive scheme for managers that depending on the brand can be up to 100% of the basic salary. (www. whitbread. co. uk/benefits). Rewarding individuals motivates a team, the interest levels increase in those areas of focus and the strategy becomes the employee’s everyday focus and it is understood. The team are motivated to perform to the best of their ability (Kaplan. R, Norton. D, 2004). Whitbread Strategy Appendix i MISSON STATEMENT Whitbread mission statement Appendix ii â€Å"A mission statements aim is to provide stakeholders with clarity about the overall purpose and raison d’etre of the organisation. † (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington 2008). 3. By early 21st century mission statement were widely used by organisations, Barkus regarded them as weak and varying ( Barkus. B, Glassman. M, McAfee. B, 2000). However Rarrek Vitton and Bart Baetz found a positive influence on returns for those organisations with an effective mission statement. (Bart,C. , Baetz,M. 998) found a positive influence on returns for those organisations with an effective mission statement. Mission statements should contain some or all or nine components (Appendix iii) The Whitbread statement does not contain all nine of these components. It touches on its brand â€Å"hospitality brand† Market â€Å"the world†. Its philosophy could be interpreted as â€Å"outstanding value†. There is however no mention of the employees or public image both of which hold focus in the last annual report with regard to employee qualifications and corporate responsibility (www. hitbread/annualreport. co. uk ) VISION Whitbread vision statement (appendix iv) A vision statement gives an insight into direction the organisation wants to take. It gives direction to the stakeholders and why and how to support the organisation (Kaplan. R, Norton,D. 2004). Profit alone will not motivate employees an organisation they see profit as money the management use and pay-out to shareholders (Quigley. J, 1994). A combination of a vision for employees to work towards and the generation of profit are needed for the success of an organisation. Whitbread in their vision statement give a clear and concise direction for the company using phrases â€Å"best large scale hospitality brands in the world† and â€Å"most 4. customer focused organisation there is†. The stakeholders know the direction the organisation is going and how it will achieve this. CORE VALUES To instil a set of core values within an organisation and will define the way in which the organisation is run. These values will tend towards values in which the organisation wishes to reach or aspire rather than what it is. These values are usually linked to corporate responsibility and are variable and misleading (Johnson. G, Scholes. K, and Wittington. R 2008). Arguably these core values are the basis on which an organisation work and conduct themselves. Whereas strategies will change according to outside influences the core values will not change (www. nps. gov ) Whitbread has three core values 1. Genuine – really caring about customers 2. Confident – striving to be the best at what we do 3. Committed – working hard for each other These values would not need to change even if the business did. PESTEL influences do not affect the 3 values for Whitbread. These can remain the focus for the company in challenging times. 5. OBJECTIVES Whitbread objectives (appendix v) â€Å"Clear and explicit and the basis upon which options are evaluated† (Johnson. G, Scholes. K, Whittington. R, 2008 p31) Objectives are formulated in relation to sales profits and aimed at both unit and corporate level. There are market based objectives that are linked to service repeat business and market share these are more commonly called targets. Both objectives and targets need to be measured (Ansoff. I, 1968). These measured and times objectives can focus on areas within a business that are in need of attention (Johnson. G, Scholes. K, and Wittington. R 2008). While within the Whitbread report there were no clear financial objectives those that were laid out are environmental (Appendix v) and called targets rather than objectives. When using the SMART criteria for creating objectives, Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic and Times all the targets meet this criteria. (Kerry 2002). FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Whitbread turnover 2010/11 was ? 1599. 6m up from ? 1435m 2009/10 a growth of 11. 5%. gross profit 2010/11 was ? 1362. 5m against ? 1221. 5m 2009/10 an increase of 0. 75%. Whitbread is split into 2 divisions hotels/restaurants and Costa Coffee. Revenue from the hotel/restaurants 20010/11 was ? 698. 6m an increase of 10. 6%. like for like sales were up 8. 2% against a negative of 4. 3% 2009/10. Restaurants had positive LFL sales of 3. 3% and the operating profit was up 14. 7% to ? 283. 4m. Costa 6. Coffee revenue 20010/11 was ? 425m an increase of 24. 7% like for like sales of 7. 8% and an operating profit of ? 50. 1m an increase of 38. 4% (www. whitbread. co. uk) CONCLUSION Whitbread has a clear defined strategy vision and strong core values. Each is easy for stakeholders to understand and form a strong base for the brand across the globe. The mission statement is however missing several of the key components including employee and corporate responsibility. This has not however hampered the continuing success of the company with sales and profits up again at the end of the last financial year. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ansoff,C. Baetz,M. (1998) The Relationship between Mission Statements and Firm Performance: an explority study. Journal of management studies. 35. Bartlaus,B. Glassman,M. McAfee,B. (2000) Mission Statements: are they smoke and Mirrors. Business horizons. 23. David,F. (2010). Strategic Management. Prentice Hall. USA Kaplan,R. Norton,D. (2004) The Strategy- focused Organisation. Harvard business School Press. Boston Mass. USA Kerry,T. (2002) Effective Learning Objectives task setting and differentiation. Nelson Thomas. UK. Quigley,J. (1994). Vision: how leaders develop it share it and sustain it:39 WEB SITES www. whitbread. co. uk www. nps. gov APPENDICES Whitbread Strategy â€Å"Our strategy is to create value for our shareholders by focusing our investment and growth in the expanding areas of the hospitality industry with particular focus on value for money hotels and costa coffee shops. This is how we manage to deliver outstanding performance across all of our business† www. whitbread. co. uk - Appendix i Whitbread Mission statement â€Å"Our aim is to build the best large scale hospitality brands in the world by becoming the most customer focused organisation there is. Anywhere. We’ll do this by providing outstanding value and making every day experiences feel special so that our customers come back time and time again† www. whitbread. co. uk - Appendix ii Components for a mission statement 1. Customers- who are the firm’s customers? 2. Products or services- what are the major products or services? 3. Markets- geographically where does the firm compete? 4. Technology- is the firm technically current? 5. Concern for survival growth and profitability-is the company committed to growth and financial soundness? 6. Philosophy- what are the basic beliefs values aspirations and ethical priorities of the firm? 7. Self-concept- what is the firm’s distinctive competence or major competitive advantage? . Concern for public image- is the firm responsive to social community and environmental concerns? 9. Concern for employees- are employees a valuable asset of the firm? - Chapter 2 the business vision and mission - Appendix iii VISION STATEMENT â€Å"Our ambitious vision is to build the best large scale hospitality brands in the world by becoming the most customer focused organisation there is, anywhere† ww. whitbre ad. co. uk - Appendix iv OBJECTIVES * Improving our insight to deliver a better customer experience * Stronger value led offers * Innovating across our brand propositions making our brands more accessible through increased distribution channels * Reduce our relative operational carbon emissions by 26% v a 2009/10 baseline by 2020 * Achieve 80% of waste diverted from landfill from Whitbread hotels and restaurant sites by Feb. 012 * Achieve a relative 20% reduction in water consumption in our hotels and restaurants portfolio against 2009/10 base line by 2020 * Raise ? 1m for water aid * Achieve 3000 qualifications from Whitbread hotels and restaurants apprenticeship scheme. 400 costa learners trained by 2011 * To raise funds and build Costa foundation schools sufficient to educate 15,000 children in coffee growing communities by 2012

Definition and Examples of Sarcasm

Definition and Examples of Sarcasm Sarcasm is a mocking, often ironic or satirical remark, sometimes intended to wound as well as amuse. Adjective: sarcastic. A person adept at using sarcasm is sarcastic. Also known in rhetoric as  sarcasm and the bitter taunt. Sarcasm, says  John Haiman,   is  a particularly transparent variety  of cheap talk or hot air insofar as the speaker is overtly meaning (and saying) the opposite of what he or she ostensibly claims to be saying (Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language, 1998). Pronunciation: sar-KAZ-um ​​​Etymology: From the Greek, bite the lips in rage Examples and Observations Oh, a sarcasm detector. That’s a really useful invention!(Comic Book Guy, The SimpsonsOh, Lou, my mother would whine, dressed for a cocktail party in her muted, earth-tone caftan. Youre not going to wear that, are you?Whats wrong with this? hed ask. These pants are brand-new.New to you, shed say. Pimps and circus clowns have been dressing that way for years.(David Sedaris, The Womens Open. Naked. Little, Brown and Company, 1997Dr. House: So youre treating professional sports injuries now?Patient: Oh, no, Im not . . .Dr. House: . . . familiar with the concept of sarcasm. Dont sweat it, its new.(Dying Changes Everything, House, M.D.Abed: Another muffin basket, from another actress who wants to be in my next film.Jeff: Does that work?Abed: Yep. Meryl Streep has two Oscars because of her baking. Ah, thats sarcasm, but I forgot to inflect. This sounds way more like sarcasm. Inflection is so interesting.[Abed should have said intonation, not inflection.](Danny Pudi as Abed and Joel McHale as Jeff in Communication Studies. Community, Feb. 11, 2010 Neither irony or sarcasm is argument.(Samuel Butler)First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.(John Haiman, Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language. Oxford University Press, 1998 Irony and Sarcasm Classical rhetoricians admired irony as a rhetorical device primarily because of its ability to engage the audiences interest. . . .However, as Aristotle pointed out, irony frequently implies contempt for its target and therefore it must be used carefully. Moreover, while Aristotle observed that irony befit[s] a gentleman, he warns that to be most effective, [t]he jests of the ironical man [should be] at his own expense, not at the expense of others. . . .For example, when [Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Antonin Scalia accuses] the Court of misleadingly describing its previous sex-classification cases, Scalias sarcasm is patent: The wonderful thing about these statements is that they are not actually falsejust as it would not be actually false to say that our cases have thus far reserved the beyond a reasonable doubt standard of proof for criminal cases, or that we have not equated tort actions, for all purposes to criminal prosecutions. He is equally sarcastic elsewhere.(Michael H. Frost, Introduction to Classical Legal Rhetoric: A Lost Heritage. Ashgate, 2005) Contrary to frequent usage, irony, the device, does not always communicate sarcasm, the effect. The speaker or authors rhetorical goal may be anything from gentle humor, intended to produce a mutual laugh and so establish rapport between speaker and hearer, to corrosive derision meant to insult the audience or reduce a target to a smoking ruin. What is attempted or achieved (the speech act or illocutionary dimension of the utterance) depends, as always, on the variables of the rhetorical situation, and on how the device and its detection contribute to those variables.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford Univ. Press, 2011)Let it be first provided that this figure (sarcasmus) be not used without some great cause which may well deserve it, as arrogancie, insolent pride, wilfull folly, shamefull lecherie, ridiculous avarice, or such like, for it is both folly and rudenesse to use derision without cause: but to mocke silly people, innocents, or men in misery, or the poore in distresse, argueth both the pride of the mind, and the crueltie of the heart.(Henry Peachum, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593) Adrian Monk: This is my assistant, Sharona.Ambrose Monk: Hello, we spoke on the phone.Adrian Monk: Oh, so you can dial a telephone! I was worried. I thought you might be paralyzed, or something.Ambrose Monk: I wasnt paralyzed.Adrian Monk: I was being sarcastic.Ambrose Monk: You were being sardonic. Sarcasm is a contemptuous ironic statement. You were being mockingly derisive. Thats sardonic.(Tony Shalhoub and John Turturro in Mr. Monk and the Three Pies. Monk, 2004)Whatever the reason, I was saddled with this strange name, which meant that I was constantly, constantly, being serenaded with the sometimes you feel like a nut Almond Joy/Mounds jingle, which I would have liked to quote in full, except that Hersheys legal staff denied me permission. I can certainly understand why. God only knows what ruin might befall Hersheys if this jinglewhich hasnt been used in two decadeswere suddenly brazenly resurrected by a young Jewish candy freak. One shudders to consider the fallout for the ent ire fragile candy-trademark-jingle trademark ecosystem.(Steve Almond, Candyfreak, 2004) Sarcasm is related to our ability to understand other peoples mental state. It is not just a linguistic form; it is also related to social cognition.(Dr. Shannon-Tsoory, qtd. by David Adam, Highest Brain Areas Spot Lowest Form of Wit. The Guardian, June 2, 2005)Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.(Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, 1833-34) The Lighter Side of Sarcasm Teen 1: Oh, here comes that cannonball guy. Hes cool.Teen 2: Are you being sarcastic, dude?Teen 1: I dont even know anymore.Homerpalooza, The Simpsons) Leonard: You convinced me. Maybe tonight we should sneak in and shampoo her carpet.Sheldon: You dont think that crosses the line?Leonard: Yes. For Gods sake, Sheldon, do I have to hold up a sarcasm sign every time I open my mouth?Sheldon: You have a sarcasm sign?(Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons in The Big Bran Hypothesis. The Big Bang Theory, 2007)Leonard: Hey, Penny. Hows work?Penny: Great! I hope Im a waitress at the Cheesecake Factory for my whole life!Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: No.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: Yes.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Leonard: Stop it!(Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, and Jim Parsons in The Financial Permeability. The Big Bang Theory, 2009)

Ethnographic Study of the Skateboarding Culture Essay

Ethnographic Study of the Skateboarding Culture - Essay Example The purpose of this essay is to provide an ethnographic description of the language, behavior, values and beliefs of the skateboarders in order to understand their cultural orientation as a group. In this ethnographic study, the culture of skateboarding is described through observing skateboarders in action. The findings suggest ideas of concern for safety, acceptance, progression, self-expression of style and energy & drive. Through the observation of cultural artifacts and styles of communication, the culture of competitive skateboarding is described and all the generalizations encompassed in skateboarding discussed. Using the small sample of skateboarders, data will be collected and analyzed in order to draw conclusions about the culture of skateboarding ethnographically. This essay has revealed that skaters are not rebels or social deviants, as they are normally perceived by the society. They are often banned from certain areas because of this perception and this limits their fre edom. The female skateboarders describe it as comfortable, empowering, adventurers and fun. The males also say the same as everyone seems to be happy with skateboarding because of their love for it. The researcher states that skateboarders should not be judged harshly as the case is because they have a good organizational culture. The culture empowers them into being responsible adults because it encourages cooperation and support for each other regardless of the differences based on age, race or sexual orientation.

Moral and Ethical Principles of Self and of Company Literature review

Moral and Ethical Principles of Self and of Company - Literature review Example Three types of right vs. right problems of â€Å"dirty hands† situations were discussed by Badaracco (1997). The first problem is the crises of moral identity on which a person has responsibilities to himself and to others. The second problem is the conflict of moral identity and personal integrity which a person has responsibilities for others. This type of problem is usually faced by middle managers wherein they have responsibilities for their subordinates and their superiors. The third is considered to be the most complex on which the first two problems are present. The person facing this problem has responsibilities to himself, to others and for others. I should say that the situation I am facing is an example of the third type of problem. This is because I have responsibilities and commitment to myself to become a decent and honest manager. I always wanted to be on top of everything but with principles and standards governing myself. I cannot tolerate dishonesty, bribery, and lies. I also swore that I will uphold the vision and mission of the company which includes honesty and integrity as well as to follow company policies to make sales. Besides these responsibilities, I also have accountability for my team and my department. I have a duty to my subordinates to manage our performances and keep the sales up. This means keeping our job at the same time. It is also my job to provide good sales to my superiors, to my department, and to my company. In Barry Schwartz’ s TED talk (2009), he quoted Aristotle saying that practical wisdom â€Å"is the combination of moral will and moral skill.†

Write A Perfect Introduction Paragraph

Write A Perfect Introduction Paragraph It was one minutes before the eighth period bell rang for classes to start. I rushed into my sophmore english class, out of beath, to see my english teacher standing by the door. As we all scrambled in, proceeding to our seats, we were handed a piece of paper which looked to be an assignment. I quickly snatched an assignment and hurried to my seat. Little to my knowledge, this specific assignment that our teacher had planned for us, would change my view on english writing. I was not aware that in the next few weeks, I would be approaching one of the most difficult assignments and experiences in my educational life. Subsequently, our teacher quickly clarified that the assignment that we had to do was to simply write an introduction paragraph. Not only did we need to just write a well-written paragraph, but it had to be perfect. We had a few weeks to write a perfect introdcution paragraph on a choice of a topic, and we had to turn our paragraph into the teacher. If she saw a mistake (w hether it be grammatically or structurely), she would solemnly hand it back without notifying us on what our mistake was. We could turn our paragraphs in as many times as needed, before the deadline. If we were able to write a perfect introduction paragraph with no mistakes, we would earn a full 30 points. If we were not able to write the paragraph within the deadline, we would simply recieve a 0. After understanding the details of the assignment, the pressure began for me. I immediatley went home and wrote a first draft of my paragraph. I wanted to create a basic structure with my bridge and thesis. Arrogantly, I thought I had a perfect paragraph on the first try. The next day, I turned my paragraph into my teacher with a huge grin on my face. I just knew that I would get the 30 points on the first day. To my disappointment, she quietly returned my paragraph within a minute of reading it. My hopes were down, but I was not going to give up. Within the next week and a half, I must ha ve turned in my edited paragraph at least 5 times. I had my friends, family and even the TLC proof-read my paragraph. I wanted to succeed in this assignment, no matter how frustrated it made me feel. A few days before the deadline, I had confindently turned in my paragraph. Waiting patiently while my teacher read it, I was very hopeful that this would be the time when she would finally accept it. The moment I saw my paragraph put in the pile of accepted paragraphs, joy overcame me. Looking back on this experience, I still remember this because it gave me a different look on writing. I had to edit my paper numerous times, I had to recieve help from others and I had to pay attention closley to my writing. Even though I was not happy that I had to make this paragraph a perfect one, it felt great once I suceeded. This assignment has impacted me today as a writer because I now know that there is always room for improvement in any writing that I do. Its just the time and effort that I nee d to continuously put in each piece that I write. That assignment has showed me to never give up on writing, no matter how much stress it can cause me. Hard work, effort and ambition goes a long way in writing! As a human being in general, I am very ambitious and I never give up. These qualities shine through me as a student, as well. When it comes to school and my education, I am usually not too enthusiastic about all the work that i must do. Knowing that all the work and effort that i must put into school is going to help my future, I take school very seriously. As a student, I care so much about my grades and my goals for the future. When it comes to teachers and being in a classroom, I am quite specific. I long for a teacher who has the students best interest at heart and a teacher who is willing to go out of their way to help students succeed. I generally do not like when a teacher has one specific way of teaching, such as having students just write notes. Its preffered that there are various ways of teaching and having students interact differently. The type of learning that helps me the most and that is most beneficial is visual learning. If I am taught something, I want to be able t o see it. Thorough explanations and claficiations behind material also help me understand more deeply. In general, a teacher who simply cares about a students success is the type of teacher who i stride to have. Every year, I say to myself I am going to work extra hard and get straight As this year. Being a bit unrealistic in the beginning, my year ends up not turning out how i say. Obviously, most students would love to get straight As but that does not always happen. This year, I am going to make a difference and make realistic goals for myself. I am definatley striding for good grades this year, but saying I am going to get straight As may not be the most realistic goal. The difference with this year and other years is that this is the year that I must take the most serious. I am going to get quite involved with college information, tests for college (ACT/SAT) and planning my future. Having high goals for my future, I want to meet them. The way to meet my goals for my future is to work extra hard and continue to be ambitious. An enormous change I need to make this year has to deal with procrastination. In previous years, I seemed to procrastinate quite a lot. For the upcoming and subseque nt years, I want to cut out the procrastination quality completley. I know that not procrastination will only benefit me. This year, I have lots of ambition and I want to simply stride to do well. In addition to my general future goals with college and my future career, I have many goals for this specific year in English class. The main expectation and goal that I am aiming for is to improve with my writing. There is always room for improvement and if I learn even more about writing and improve, I am confident that this will carry me far in the future. Another expectation is that I improve with my reading. Honestly, I am not enthusastic about reading and like other students, I sometimes stuggle in this area. I want to enjoy all the reading done in this class and learn ways to improve my reading skills. This may include tips for annotations or any way to help me become a better reader and understand material easier. English is on my top list of favorite classes and I am excited to learn more and to improve!

Articulating and Communicating Essay

1. How effective was Ko in defining and framing a vision for Motorola Penang? In what ways were her efforts similar to and different from the example of Charles Schwab citied earlier? * How did Ko resolve the dilemma of where visions come from? Where did she find her vision? Ko wants to her team both defining and framing a vision, because that will embrace visions best and see with their own eyes. Ko struggled with the most effective way of making her vision a reality. She engaged many of her top team in discussions about the challenges of the future of the facility. She had many specific and concrete ideas but didn’t want to seem to be imposing them on the group. She wanted to get most involvement possible to ensure all relevant information was considered that would be tasked with making the vision a reality. Ko’s philosophy reflects a positive, familial, celebrate every accomplishment kind of work environment. Ko treated her people with respect. No yelling, no shouting, no finger pointing. Always gave visible rewards for achievers. She shared every success story. She preached the importance of the knowledge, and advances in technology. Charles Chwab started his own company built on what was a unique and quite unconventional idea. He anticipated a need in the middle class. His concern for the middle class was genuine, not just a business gimmick. His vision led him to a unique path. When market conditions change, he adjusts its business model and tactics. He made his vision reality. * We cited doorman and jigsaw puzzle metaphors when describing how different leaders see themselves. Do either of these metaphors seem relevant to Ko? Yes, she wants to involve the other top managers first then converted into jigsaw puzzle role. She encouraged her man to work in team, to teach each other. She loved to share her vision and thought to the others. She wanted her top team have future vision. She was not only share her vision, she wanted hear from the others first. She had good relation with press and a responsible corporate citizen in the community. She always looked for positive qualities of a person. She actually made this place for new university graduates. 2. Evaluate the content dimensions of Ko’s vision work at Motorola Penang. How did she do with: * Making the Case for Change * Identifying an Ideal Goal * Addressing the People dimension Ko struggled with the most effective way of making that vision a reality. She engaged many of her top team in discussions about the challenges of the future of the facility, but they still looked to her as the leader and wanted to hear her vision of the future. She took a very hard-nosed approach to Motorola business model. She saw technology as a two-sided coin that would eliminate low-skill jobs at the same time that it brought new opportunities. She knew that other countries had lower labor costs. Yet she was committed to rapidly move Motorola to produce more complex systems products, creating an increased demand for technicians and engineers. First Ko asked her managers’ envision, and then chose to focus on five major activities to help build capability of Motorola Penang and its employees to achieve this very ambitious vision. The five major activities are: External relationships: Involving corporate in her new vision. Management development: Groom manager for new roles in the vision Maintaining state of the art manufacturing: Keeping up with technology to help achieve her vision Participative management process: Getting keep leadership involved in achieving the vision Technical skill development: Ko knew didn’t want to layoff underskilled workers so she established a Masters of Mechanical Engineering degree program with classes on Motorola’s grounds. 3. With respect to the Articulating and Communicating the Vision, how effectively did Ko address the three different levels of: * Strategic—â€Å"HEAD† * Tactical—â€Å"HANDS† * Personal—â€Å"HEART† Strategic- â€Å"HEAD†: External relationships- Motorola Penang had built up a very good reputation for all that it had accomplished thus far. She had to maintain and expand those relationships. Tactical- â€Å"HANDS†: Management development- Ko had to groom managers for the new roles that the future facility would require. Maintaining state of the art manufacturing and administrative technologies- Ko had to nudge the evolution to keep Motorola Penang competitive against the lowest cost producers in the world. Participative management process- Ko did everything possible to make  Motorola Penang a high involvement work place. Personal-â€Å"HEART†: Technical skills development- Ko was successful in establishing a program with the university with classes held right on the Motorola Penang ground.

Food waste Essay

Fresh vegetables, ready-to-cook meals, and cheap meat is what a modern consumer’s supposed grocery list comprises of! Dump it all into your fridge full of deals, discount offers and feel happy. This is how the shop keeper gets a loyal customer. At the end o the story, it’s the food industry’s creed that the customer is always right†¦.. If food became it s own pungent country, it would be the world’s third biggest contributor to climatic changes. According to United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of the world’s total food is wasted around the world, literally to fork direct from the farm. In West, most of the food waste occurs because usually the leftover ingredients are tossed out. The major reason for food wastage is that the harvest of a farmer does not meet the retailer’s specific demand. Considering tomatoes, if too small or even too big to be sold to retailer will be left to rot in fields. Whilst, in developing countries the scenario is a little different because the food rots between fields and markets due to shortage of storage capacity. Awareness campaigns regarding food waste have already begun in the Western part of the world. Organizations are educating people about the waste of food at household level and how can it be eliminated or reduced to an extent. This is just the bit of the whole chunk. Even supermarkets are playing their part by producing recipes to use leftover food and pamphlets to store your food in the best possible manner. Likewise, many grocery stores have initiated redistribution of unsold stocks and excess to charitable organizations. Looking at food waste in local context, Pakistan is also the culprit for this wastage in spite of the fact that underfeeding and food shortage are areas of serious concern. Although we produce adequate food for our nation but still the wastage level is at its peak. This is because of careless attitude of our state and our society’s love for excess food. When we talk about consumption of food, negligence by society also needs to be tackled. At social events as well as weddings, it is quite usual for people to pile up a mountain of food on their plates and eat just a portion of it as if this is the last time they are eating food. Much is needed to done to store perishable items such as fruits and vegetables. State needs to look into this matter with utmost care and also to preserve grains by creating extra facility for storage purpose. On collective basis, way of thinking needs to be changed. It is not only unethical but also an act of being socially irresponsible to waste food when millions around the world sleep empty stomach. According to Tim Lang, professor at City University London, food waste is a symptom, not a problem. So to eradicate these symptom governments, non-governmental organizations like UN can discourage wasteful exercises by producers of the food, farmers, consumers and grocery stores. Food spoiling and wasting is causing physical destruction to mother earth. So let’s join hands to exterminate wastage of food for those who starve and are under privileged.

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